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Ladislaus the Posthumous, known also as Ladislas (22 February 144023 November 1457) (in Hungarian: László), was Duke of Austria, and King of Hungary, Croatia and Bohemia. He was the posthumous son of Albert of Habsburg and Elizabeth of Luxembourg. Although Albert, who ruled Austria, Hungary (including Croatia), and Bohemia, bequeathed all his realms to his future son on his deathbed, only the Estates of Austria accepted his last will. Fearing of an Ottoman invasion, the majority of the Hungarian lords and prelates decided to offer the crown to Vladislaus III of Poland. In Bohemia, the Hussite noblemen and towns denied to acknowledge the hereditary right of the late king's descendants to the throne, but did not elect a new king. After Ladislaus's birth, Queen Elizabeth flatly refused to cooperate with Vladislaus III of Poland. She had her infant sonknown in Hungary as Ladislaus Vcrowned king with the Holy Crown of Hungary in Székesfehérvár on 15 May 1440. However, the Diet of Hungary declared his coronation invalid and elected the Polish monarch king. A civil war broke out between the supporters of the two kings. Queen Elizabeth appointed her late husband's distant cousin, Frederick III, King of the Romans, Ladislaus's guardian. During the following years, Ladislaus lived in his guardian's court, mainly in Wiener Neustadt, where Aeneas Silvius Piccolomini (the future Pope Pius II) wrote a treatise of his education. After Queen Elizabeth died in late 1442, Ladislaus's interests were represented by a Czech condottiere, John Jiskra of Brandýs, in Hungary, and by the leading Czech Catholic lord, Ulrich II of Rosenberg, in Bohemia. Ladislaus's rival in Hungary, Vladislaus, fell in the Battle of Varna in November 1444. Next year the Diet of Hungary offered to acknowledge Ladislaus as the lawful king on condition that Frederick III renounce Ladislaus's guardianship. After Frederick III rejected the offer, the Diet of Hungary elected the military leader, John Hunyadi, regent in 1446. In Bohemia, the head of the moderate Hussites, or Utraquists, George of Poděbrady, took control of Prague in 1448. Frederick III attempted to prolong the period of guardianship, but the Estates of Austria forced him to resign and hand over Ladislaus to them in September 1452. After John Hunyadi also resigned the regency in early next year, royal administration was restored in Hungary. However, Hunyadi controlled most royal castles and royal revenues even thereafter. Initially, Ulrich II, Count of Celje (a cousin of Queen Elizabeth) was Ladislaus's main advisor, but Ulrich Eytzinger, a leading Austrian baron, forced the young sovereign to expel the count from his court. Ladislaus was crowned king of Bohemia on 28 October 1453, but George of Poděbrady prevented him from governing Bohemia. Eytzinger, Hunyadi and Poděbrady closely cooperated, but could not hinder a reconciliation between Ladislaus and Ulrich of Celje in early 1455. Ladislaus and Ulrich of Celje fled from Hungary before the Ottoman Sultan Mehmed II laid siege to Nándorfehérvár (now Belgrade in Serbia), but John Hunyadi relieved the fortress on 22 July 1456. Taking advantage of John Hunyadi's death, Ladislaus and Ulrich of Celje attempted to seize the royal castles and revenues from Hunyadi's son, Ladislaus. However, Ladislaus Hunyadi murdered Ulrich of Celje and forced the king to grant him an amnesty. With the consent of the royal council, the king had Ladislaus Hunyadi executed in March 1457. Hunyadi's relatives and supporters rebelled against Ladislaus who fled first to Vienna, then to Prague, where he died unexpectedly. He was the last male member of the Albertinian Line of the House of Habsburg. == Parentage and posthumous birth (until 1440) == Ladislaus was the posthumous only son of Albert of Habsburg and Elizabeth of Luxembourg. Albert was the hereditary Duke of Austria; his wife was the only child of the Holy Roman Emperor Sigismund, King of Bohemia and Hungary. Sigismund was also Duke of Luxemburg, but he had mortgaged that duchy to his niece, Elizabeth of Goerlitz. According to Emperor Sigismund's plans, Elizabeth and Albert should have jointly inherited Bohemia and Hungary, but the Estates of both realms refused to acknowledge the couple's hereditary right to the crown. Instead, Albert was elected the sole king of Hungary nine days after his father-in-law's death in December 1437. In Bohemia, Albert was unanimously elected king only after he defeated Casimirthe younger brother of Vladislaus III of Polandwho was supported by a group of Hussite lords and burghers. Albert was planning to launch a military expedition against the Ottoman Turks, who had been making plundering raids in the southern regions of Hungary, but fell seriously ill during the preparations. The dying king, who knew that his wife was pregnant, willed Austria, Bohemia and Hungary to his posthumous child if his wife gave birth to a son. He also put his infant heir under the guardianship of his widow and his distant cousin, Frederick of Habsburg. Albert died on 27 October 1439. In fear of a new Ottoman invasion of Hungary, the majority of the Hungarian lords and prelates refused to accept the deceased king's last will. They decided to offer the crown to Vladislaus III of Poland and to persuade the pregnant queen dowager to marry the new king. In Bohemia, the assembly of the Estates passed decrees in January 1440 to avoid that a new civil war broke out between the Hussites and the Catholics before a new king was elected. In short, the Estates of Moravia passed a similar decree. Although the 31-year-old Elizabeth seemingly agreed to marry Vladislaus, who was only 16, she made preparations for the coronation of her child after her physicians predicted that she would give birth to a son. She ordered her chambermaid, Helene Kottanner, to steal the Holy Crown of Hungary from the castle of Visegrád. Helene Kottaner and her accomplice seized the diadem and took it to the queen on the very day when the queen began labour, which was considered as a miracle by both the queen and her courtiers. Queen Elizabeth gave birth to Ladislaus in Komárom (now Komárno in Slovakia) on 21 February 1440, almost four months after his father's death. He was named for King St Ladislaus and Dénes Szécsi, Archbishop of Esztergom, baptised him. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Ladislaus the Posthumous」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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